See -ation on Wiktionary
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"2": "-ate",
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"expansion": "By surface analysis, -ate + -ion",
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -acioun /-acion,, derived from Old French -acion /-ation, derived from Latin -ātiō, an alternative form of -tiō (whence -tion). By surface analysis, -ate + -ion.",
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"text": "color + -ation → coloration",
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[
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"code": "af",
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"word": "-а́цыя"
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{
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"alt": "-か",
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"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-asi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-âtion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-sjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-sjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "ی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ção"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-enije",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ение"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ација"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ación"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ción"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ring"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 17 83",
"alt": "-化",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "... hoá"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ā′shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101--ation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeː.ʃon/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:-ation<id:suffix>",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ation\nInherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aison",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aison",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ation\nInherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis. In words inherited through Vulgar Latin, the same suffix yielded -aison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-xion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ation f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ations)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -ation"
],
"id": "en--ation-fr-suffix-87zdeqLF",
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ̃"
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-acioun"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -acioun"
],
"id": "en--ation-enm-suffix-4q4xJybB",
"links": [
[
"-acioun",
"-acioun#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:-ation<id:suffix>",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nInherited from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nInherited from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-acion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ation"
],
"id": "en--ation-frm-suffix--x3trUdO",
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acioun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acion"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyoun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-ātiō",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nLearned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nLearned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-acion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aciun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-atiun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ation"
],
"id": "en--ation-fro-suffix--x3trUdO",
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ation"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ation",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "-ation f (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "enrolar (“to beat around the bush”) + -ation → enrolation (“beating around the bush”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "faturar (“to profit”) + -ation → faturation (“profits”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used instead of -ção to give the word an air of formality or anglicization"
],
"id": "en--ation-pt-suffix-ZtdXT4kR",
"links": [
[
"-ção",
"-ção#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) used instead of -ção to give the word an air of formality or anglicization"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈej.ʃõ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɪ̯.ʃõ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English terms suffixed with -ion",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hakka translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle French translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ization"
},
{
"word": "-isation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-acioun//-acion",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -acioun /-acion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-acioun//-acion"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -acioun /-acion",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-acion//-ation",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -acion /-ation",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-acion//-ation",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Old French -acion /-ation",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātiō",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātiō",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Latin -ātiō",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"3": "-ion"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -ate + -ion",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -acioun /-acion,, derived from Old French -acion /-ation, derived from Latin -ātiō, an alternative form of -tiō (whence -tion). By surface analysis, -ate + -ion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "⠠⠝",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-a",
"tion"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ification"
},
{
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sediment + -ation → sedimentation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action or process."
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"process",
"process"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "found + -ation → foundation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The result of an action or process."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "color + -ation → coloration",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state or quality."
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ā′shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101--ation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101--ation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeː.ʃon/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-asie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-sie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "-iyya",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "ـِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-um",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ación"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ción"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-asiya"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ácyja",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ació"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ció"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "faa³",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-化"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"lang_code": "hak",
"roman": "fa",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-化"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"roman": "hoà",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "-化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "-huà",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-atie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-atsioon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-aatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-acion"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ación"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ción"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ierung"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-áció"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-sasi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-asi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-si"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-zione"
},
{
"alt": "-か",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-化"
},
{
"alt": "化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-hwa",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-화"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ācija"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ција"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-asi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-âtion"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asjon"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-sjon"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asjon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-sjon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ering"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acion"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cion"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "ی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ção"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ire"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-enije",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ение"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ација"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-acija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ción"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-tion"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ring"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ácija",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а́ція"
},
{
"alt": "-化",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "-ation (suffix)",
"word": "... hoá"
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:-ation<id:suffix>",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ation\nInherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aison",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aison",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ation\nInherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis. In words inherited through Vulgar Latin, the same suffix yielded -aison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-xion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ation f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ations)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable suffixes",
"French doublets",
"French entries with etymology texts",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:French/ɔ̃",
"Rhymes:French/ɔ̃/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -ation"
],
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ̃"
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-acioun"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -acioun"
],
"links": [
[
"-acioun",
"-acioun#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:-ation<id:suffix>",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nInherited from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nInherited from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-acion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"glosses": [
"-ation"
],
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acioun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acion"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyoun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-acyun"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-ātiō",
"id": "suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nLearned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nLearned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-acion",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aciun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-atiun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ation",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French learned borrowings from Latin",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"glosses": [
"-ation"
],
"links": [
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ation"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ation",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English -ation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "-ation f (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine suffixes",
"Portuguese humorous terms",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English",
"Portuguese uncountable suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "enrolar (“to beat around the bush”) + -ation → enrolation (“beating around the bush”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "faturar (“to profit”) + -ation → faturation (“profits”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used instead of -ção to give the word an air of formality or anglicization"
],
"links": [
[
"-ção",
"-ção#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) used instead of -ção to give the word an air of formality or anglicization"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈej.ʃõ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈeɪ̯.ʃõ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
}
],
"word": "-ation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ation meaning in All languages combined (23.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ation"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ation",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ation"
],
"section": "Portuguese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ation",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.